I was only eighteen years
old when I was first introduced to the palimpsest. I was an immature student of
Geography and Landscape Studies at the venerable academic establishment that
was the Dorset Institute of Higher Education; she was a trendy new concept in
geographical thinking and our lecturers were determined to milk her for all she
was worth.
It
was 1983, for heaven’s sake. I had better things to do with my life. All
geography students should have better things to do with their lives.
But
our paths were destined to cross at a later, more venerable age. Some might say
it was a chance encounter but both she and I knew that fate had brought us
together. Fate, Thomas Samuel Joliffe and Jack and Jill. It’s a long story,
I’ll do my best to keep it brief.
This
weekend María Inés de la Cruz and I found ourselves not once, but twice in the
extensive grounds of Ammerdown House, a few kilometres south of the former
coal-mining town of Radstock. In a rare moment of harmony, we both agreed that
Radstock and neighbouring Midsomer Norton should be the focus of our next
derive, an exploration of the Somerset coalfield. Another day, another
palimpsest, as they say.
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Ammerdown House and grounds: idyllic landscaped parkland porn |
But
back to Ammerdown. Our hike began with a spat, as most of our hikes do. María
pointed out the obvious dichotomy between our post-feminist anarcho-syndicalist
leanings and the subject of our ramble: the stately home and grounds of the Jolliffe
family – the current incumbent is the fifth Baron Hylton – since its
construction in 1788. There’s no point in me reminding her that she hails from
one of las trece – the thirteen
richest families in her native El Salvador; I just mention the magic word –
postmodernism – and we’re off on our way.
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We all love a girt, humungeous G&T but please don't leave your empty bottles in the woods |
Does
she have a point? Just because the family estate – which covers nearby
Kilmersdon and other surrounding villages – is now run by a charitable housing association set up by the current Lord Hylton? Or because the Ammerdown Centre is run as a Christian community dedicated to hospitality, spirituality and growth'? Does that make everything alright? If the house and its grounds are
the product of two hundred years of cap-doffing and other forms of feudal
deference should we still drool over its aesthetic delights?
It’s an argument that’s as simplistic as it is fatuous; reminds me of
the time I taught AS history to a daughter of the Somerset bourgeoisie. She was
studying the welfare reforms of the 1906-1914 Liberal government; a slim volume
of history plucked from the bookcase without wondering what had gone on before
or what might happen after. It’s a bit like reading volume two – and only
volume two – of a trilogy.
‘Context is
everything’, I said to Maria Ines de la Cruz; she had to agree so we started to
peel away the layers. ‘Let’s begin with the rocks’.
Where else? Rocks maketh the man – and the woman. Ammerdown lies in the
heart of the Somerset Coalfied: coal measures from the Upper Carboniferous,
folded and faulted to give a landscape of deep, riven valleys.
King Coal. In North Somerset its legacy is increasingly difficult to
discern, although the last two pits closed only (only?) forty years ago. But as Wet,
Wet, Wet sang – apparently interminably – back in 1990, ‘I can feel it in
my fingers, I can feel it in my bones’. This landscape is rougher than its
agricultural equivalents, dissected by disused railways and the long since
abandoned Somerset Coal Canal. You scrape away the upper layers of the palimpsest
and there it is, shining like a black diamond; coal didn’t quite breathe life
into the landscape but it gave it a raison d’être in the age of industry.
But Ammerdown wasn’t founded on the spoils of coal. It owes its history
to the more traditional patronage of aristocracy and parliament. It was built
by James Wyatt in 1788 for Thomas Samuel Jolliffe whose CV reads like a couple
of pages of feudal porn. Hailing from a wealthy landowning family which
produced several members of parliament, he was MP for Petersfleid, Hampshire,
from 1780 to 1787; deputy lieutenant (María pronounces it ‘left-tenant’) of Hampshire and Somerset; Lieutenant Colonel in the
second Somerset Fencible Cavalry, High Sheriff and Lord of the Manor of Wellow
as well as Kilmersdon. But in the age of industry even the aristocratic have to
get their hands dirty and Jolliffe was an original shareholder of the Somersetshire
Coal Canal. He also played an important part in the passage of the Dorset and
Somerset Canal Act through the committee stages of parliament in 1796.
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The House that Wyatt built |
Jollliffe
was the land and his son decided to make sure his presence transcended history,
as has always been the wont of the nation’s landowning elite. And how do they go
about it? By building a girt humungous phallus in a prominent location; the
ultimate symbol of male dominion over mother nature. I can’t help thinking
there’s a delicious irony in the Ammerdown Column being commissioned by his bachelor son. A bachelor son in 1853?
What was that all about? Where was John Twyford Jolliffe sowing his oats – and with
whom?
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The sexual landscape: girt, humungeous phallic symbol |
‘Enough already!’ cries María Inés de la
Cruz, slamming her fingers down hard on the fast forward button. We’re sitting
at the base of the Column, the design of which is said to have been based on
the Eddystone Lighthouse, reading the inscription:
THIS
PILLAR
IS
ERECTED TO COMMEMORATE
THE
GENIUS, ENERGY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF
THOMAS
SAMUEL JOLIFFE ESQUIRE
LORD
OF THE ADJACENT HUNDREDS OF KILMERSDON AND WELLOW
WHO
– IN EVERY RELATION OF LIFE – IN THE SENATE – AND ON THE SEAT OF JUSTICE
IN
EXERCISING THE PECULIAR RIGHTS
AND
DISCHARGING THE VARIOUS DUTIES
OF
AN EXTENSIVE LANDHOLDER
CONCILIATED
THE REGARD AND ESTEEM
OF
AN AFFLUENT AND INTELLIGENT DISTRICT
TO
HIM
WHO
RECLAIMED THE SURROUNDING LANDS
FROM
THEIR ORIGINAL AND STERILE CONDITION
WHO
CLOTHED THEM WITH FERTILITY AND VERDURE
AND
EMBELLISHED THEM WITH TASTEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL DECORATIONS
HIS
DESCENDANTS
WITH
FEELINGS OF PROFOUND AND GRATEFUL AFFECTION
DEDICATE
THIS COLUMN
AMMERDOWN
PARK
VI
JUNE MDCCCLIII
I have to
confess I rather like the idea of clothing the land with ‘fertility and verdure’.
My dreams are full of pastoral, Arcadian paradises but María doesn’t think the
park has been ‘embellished’, nor does she consider the decorations ‘tasteful’
or ‘ornamental’.
We head downhill to join the Collier’s Way, or rather, and less prosaically,
National Cycle Route 24 which runs from the Dundas Aqueduct, near Bath, to Frome
and here follows the trackbed of former Frome to Radstock railway which saw its
last train in 1988.
It’s a curious, somewhat conflated, homage to slow travel, old and new.
The rails are still in place, overgrown and undermined; the asphalt cycle path
runs adjacent and in parallel. The line is severed, rather cruelly, as if it
were a limb hacked from an ageing torso, from the national network at Great Elm
but, this being England, there are those who wish to restore it. María thinks
this is symptomatic of what she likes to call the ‘Grand National Ailment’: Here’s
something on the cusp of being consigned to history – let’s preserve it; here’s
something archaic and obsolete – let’s bring it back to life as if time and
technology had passed us by. Steam trains and cream teas: the image stays with
me for the remainder of our ramble.
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The disused Frome to Radstock railway with adjacent cycle path on the right. Not a photo to show to your railway-enthusiast uncle |
Back at Ammerdown House we make a brief excursion around the grounds. Even
María has to admit that the house and gardens have a certain aesthetic appeal,
a sort of landscape kitsch. But neither of us are impressed by the annex, the
Ammerdown Conference and Retreat Centre. It was built in 1973 and it shows; you
don’t need to be an expert on architecture to work that one out.
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Early 1970s conference centre chic |
Does it matter? Form versus function. Both Maria and myself are students
of liberation theology, we should really approve of its vision ‘for an adult
education centre that would translate the aspirations of Vatican II into
practice … help the ecumenical movement grow, promote dialogue between the
Church and the wider world, and bring people from different backgrounds and
faiths together so that they could learn from each other.’ It was
founded in the seventies by Lord Hylton (the current head of the Jolliffe
family), John Todd (a publisher), Father Ralph Russell (a monk from nearby Downside
Abbey) and the Reverend Reginald Trevett (a school master).
We should really approve but neither of us can get our heads around that
recurring dichotomy. Maria repeats Aude Lorde’s words about the master’s tools
never dismantling the master’s house. Her politics are more tenacious and less
romantic than mine; I’m easily seduced by the intoxicating cocktail of high
culture and religion; it’s one of the reasons I moved to Wells. That which
should repel me is sometimes a fatal attraction and I’m drawn to it, like a
moth to a flame.
Back at the village of Kilmersdon, a feudal gem whose inn – the Jolliffe
Arms – is named after the local landowning family, we seal up our palimpsest.
In 2000 a plaque was erected at the entrance to the village welcoming visitors
to ‘home’ of the Jack and Jill
nursery rhyme. We scratch our heads and wonder what to make of this claim to
fame though when we learn that the fabled hill was restored as part of a local Millenium scheme we start to suspect the workings
of corporate mythography. We opt to believe Katherine Elwes’ 1930 theory in
which Jack represents Cardinal Wolsey and Jill was Bishop Tarbes who negotiated the marriage of Mary Tudor to Louis XXII of France in 1514 rather than the local version in which a spinster became pregnant, the child's father died in a roack fall and the woman died in childbirth soon after.
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If the local authority says it's true ... it must be true! |
But you know what they say. You pays yer money and you takes yer pick. At least one of life's truths is eternal.